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class="lv-header lv-homepage" style="min-height:450px"> <div id="pdntpjj" class="lv-slogan wow bounceIn animated" data-wow-delay="0.4s" style="visibility: visible; -webkit-animation-delay: 0.4s;"> <a href="/">普洱龍?？萍加邢薰九c您合作共贏(yíng)！</a> </div> </div> </article></div> </div> <div class="vh57brh" id="layout-main-container"> <div class="pdbrbhz" id="layout-main" class="group"> <div class="5tnjt7b" id="layout-content" class="group"> <div class="zldv9pn" id="content" class="group"> <div id="pt73nbf" class="zone zone-content"> <nav class="container clearfix lv-breadcrumb"> <div id="77d7brt" class="col-xs-1 lv-breadcrumb-title"> <span>當前位置：</span> </div> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li id="tdjrxpx" class="first"><a href="/">首頁(yè)</a></li> <li id="zx1hrf7" class=""> <a href="/Article/gh">技術(shù)干貨</a> </li> <li id="xfvv9rp" class="last"><a href="">正文</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="nrjrnpt" class="container"> <div id="rrtpzt9" class="lv-article-box"> <h2 class="lv-title">nginx內置變量-讓你更懂nginx</h2> <div id="d3tlrh5" class="lv-body"><p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>什么是nginx</strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span> <img alt="" src="/Media/Default/imgs/201709/Nginx20170926101910.jpg" width="1024" height="219" /> <br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span>nginx</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>nginx</span>是一個(gè)開(kāi)源折、高性能的<span>HTTP</span>和反向代理服務(wù)器，由俄羅斯技術(shù)牛人伊戈爾<span>·</span>賽索耶夫開(kāi)發(fā)，后將源代碼以類(lèi)<span>BSD</span>許可證的形式發(fā)布；因它的穩定性、支持高并發(fā)性、豐富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系統資源的消耗而聞名。它即可做<span>web</span>服務(wù)器、代理服務(wù)器，也可做負載均衡服務(wù)器。<span>Nginx </span>可以在大多數<span> UnixLinux OS </span>上編譯運行，并有<span> Windows </span>移植版。</p> <p><span> </span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span> <img alt="" src="/Media/Default/imgs/201709/Nginx20170926101934.jpg" width="640" height="309" /> </span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span>nginx</span>做代理服務(wù)器架構圖</p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>nginx內置變量</strong></span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p>為了方便配置和使用<span>nginx</span>，<span>nginx</span>核心模塊<span>ngx_http_core_module</span>自帶有許多內置的人性化變量，這極大的方便了系統管理員對<span>nginx</span>維護和管理。下面我們詳解注解內置變量的含義（當然，如果你懂點(diǎn)<span>HTTP</span>知識的話(huà)，就更好理解了）：</p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>$arg_name</span>：請求中的的參數名，即<span>“?”</span>后面的<span>arg_name=arg_value</span>形式的<span>arg_name</span>。</p> <p><span>$args</span>：請求中的參數值。</p> <p><span>$binary_remote_addr</span>：客戶(hù)端地址的二進(jìn)制形式<span>, </span>固定長(cháng)度為<span>4</span>個(gè)字節。</p> <p><span>$body_bytes_sent</span>：傳輸給客戶(hù)端的字節數，響應頭不計算在內；這個(gè)變量和<span>Apache</span>的<span>mod_log_config</span>模塊中的<span>“%B”</span>參數保持兼容。</p> <p><span>$bytes_sent</span>：傳輸給客戶(hù)端的字節數。</p> <p><span>$connection</span>：<span>TCP</span>連接的序列號。</p> <p><span>$connection_requests</span>：<span>TCP</span>連接當前的請求數量。</p> <p><span>$content_length</span>：<span>“Content-Length”</span>請求頭字段。</p> <p><span>$content_type</span>：<span>“Content-Type”</span>請求頭字段。</p> <p><span>$cookie_name</span>：<span>cookie</span>名稱(chēng)。</p> <p><span>$document_root</span>：當前請求的文檔根目錄或別名。</p> <p><span>$document_uri</span>：同下面的<span>$uri</span>。</p> <p><span>$host</span>：優(yōu)先級如下：<span>HTTP</span>請求行的主機名<span>>”HOST”</span>請求頭字段<span>></span>符合請求的服務(wù)器名。</p> <p><span>$hostname</span>：主機名。</p> <p><span>$http_name</span>：匹配任意請求頭字段；變量名中的后半部分<span>“name”</span>可以替換成任意請求頭字段，如在配置文件中需要獲取<span>http</span>請求頭：<span>“Accept-Language”</span>，那么將<span>“</span>－<span>”</span>替換為下劃線(xiàn)，大寫(xiě)字母替換為小寫(xiě)，形如：<span>$http_accept_language</span>即可。</p> <p><span>$https</span>：如果開(kāi)啟了<span>SSL</span>安全模式，值為<span>“on”</span>，否則為空字符串。</p> <p><span>$is_args</span>：如果請求中有參數，值為<span>“?”</span>，否則為空字符串。</p> <p><span>$limit_rate</span>：用于設置響應的速度限制，詳見(jiàn)<span>limit_rate</span>。</p> <p><span>$msec</span>：當前的<span>Unix</span>時(shí)間戳。</p> <p><span>$nginx_version</span>：<span>nginx</span>版本。</p> <p><span>$pid</span>：工作進(jìn)程的<span>PID</span>。</p> <p><span>$pipe</span>：如果請求來(lái)自管道通信，值為<span>“p”</span>，否則為<span>“.”</span>。</p> <p><span>$proxy_protocol_addr</span>：獲取代理訪(fǎng)問(wèn)服務(wù)器的客戶(hù)端地址，如果是直接訪(fǎng)問(wèn)，該值為空字符串。</p> <p><span>$query_string</span>：同<span>$args</span>。</p> <p><span>$realpath_root</span>：當前請求的文檔根目錄或別名的真實(shí)路徑，會(huì )將所有符號連接轉換為真實(shí)路徑。</p> <p><span>$remote_addr</span>：客戶(hù)端地址。</p> <p><span>$remote_port</span>：客戶(hù)端端口。</p> <p><span>$remote_user</span>：用于<span>HTTP</span>基礎認證服務(wù)的用戶(hù)名。</p> <p><span>$request</span>：代表客戶(hù)端的請求地址。</p> <p><span>$request_body</span>：客戶(hù)端的請求主體。此變量可在<span>location</span>中使用，將請求主體通過(guò)<span>proxy_pass, fastcgi_pass, uwsgi_pass, </span>和<span> scgi_pass</span>傳遞給下一級的代理服務(wù)器。</p> <p><span>$request_body_file</span>：將客戶(hù)端請求主體保存在臨時(shí)文件中。文件處理結束后，此文件需刪除。如果需要之一開(kāi)啟此功能，需要設置<span>client_body_in_file_only</span>。如果將次文件傳遞給后端的代理服務(wù)器，需要禁用<span>request body</span>，即設置<span>proxy_pass_request_body off</span>，<span>fastcgi_pass_request_body off, uwsgi_pass_request_body off, or scgi_pass_request_body off </span>。</p> <p><span>$request_completion</span>：如果請求成功，值為<span>”OK”</span>，如果請求未完成或者請求不是一個(gè)范圍請求的最后一部分，則為空。</p> <p><span>$request_filename</span>：當前連接請求的文件路徑，由<span>root</span>或<span>alias</span>指令與<span>URI</span>請求生成。</p> <p><span>$request_length</span>：請求的長(cháng)度<span> (</span>包括請求的地址<span>, http</span>請求頭和請求主體<span>) </span>。</p> <p><span>$request_method</span>：<span>HTTP</span>請求方法，通常為<span>“GET”</span>或<span>“POST”</span>。</p> <p><span>$request_time</span>：處理客戶(hù)端請求使用的時(shí)間<span> (1.3.9, 1.2.6); </span>從讀取客戶(hù)端的第一個(gè)字節開(kāi)始計時(shí)。</p> <p><span>$request_uri</span>：這個(gè)變量等于包含一些客戶(hù)端請求參數的原始<span>URI</span>，它無(wú)法修改，請查看<span>$uri</span>更改或重寫(xiě)<span>URI</span>，不包含主機名，例如：<span>”/cnphp/test.php?arg=freemouse”</span>。</p> <p><span>$scheme</span>：請求使用的<span>Web</span>協(xié)議<span>,“http”</span>或<span>“https”</span>。</p> <p><span>$sent_http_name</span>：可以設置任意<span>http</span>響應頭字段；變量名中的后半部分<span>“name”</span>可以替換成任意響應頭字段，如需要設置響應頭<span>Content-length</span>，那么將<span>“</span>－<span>”</span>替換為下劃線(xiàn)，大寫(xiě)字母替換為小寫(xiě)，形如：<span>$sent_http_content_length 4096</span>即可。</p> <p><span>$server_addr</span>：服務(wù)器端地址，需要注意的是：為了避免訪(fǎng)問(wèn)<span>linux</span>系統內核，應將<span>ip</span>地址提前設置在配置文件中。</p> <p><span>$server_name</span>：服務(wù)器名，如<span>www.baidu.com</span>。</p> <p><span>$server_port</span>：服務(wù)器端口。</p> <p><span>$server_protocol</span>：服務(wù)器的<span>HTTP</span>版本<span>, </span>通常為<span>“HTTP/1.0”</span>或<span>“HTTP/1.1”</span>。</p> <p><span>$status</span>：<span>HTTP</span>響應代碼。</p> <p><span>$tcpinfo_rtt, $tcpinfo_rttvar, $tcpinfo_snd_cwnd, $tcpinfo_rcv_space</span>：客戶(hù)端<span>TCP</span>連接的具體信息。</p> <p><span>$time_iso8601</span>：服務(wù)器時(shí)間的<span>ISO 8610</span>格式。</p> <p><span>$time_local</span>：服務(wù)器時(shí)間（<span>LOG Format </span>格式）。</p> <p><span>$uri</span>：請求中的當前<span>URI(</span>不帶請求參數，參數位于<span>$args)</span>，可以不同于瀏覽器傳遞的<span>$request_uri</span>的值，它可以通過(guò)內部重定向，或者使用<span>index</span>指令進(jìn)行修改，<span>$uri</span>不包含主機名，如<span>”/foo/bar.html”</span>。</p> <p>寫(xiě)在最后</p> <p><span> </span></p> <p>這些變量可以在配置文件中使用，方便你做各種<span>nginx</span>頁(yè)面代理，轉換，重寫(xiě)，重定向等操作；而且還可以對<span>nginx</span>日志做自定義的日志配置，方便你對<span>nginx</span>日志的收集和分析（例如使用<span>json</span>格式的<span>nginx</span>配置，只選取你想要的字段收集到<span>elasticsearch</span>服務(wù)中，方便日后查看和分析）如下：</p> <p><span> </span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span> <img alt="" src="/Media/Default/imgs/201709/Nginx20170926101946.jpg" width="545" height="259" /> </span></p> <p style="text-align: center;">對<span>nginx</span>日志做自定義的字段格式化</p> <p><span> </span></p></div> <p class="lv-meta"> <span>文章發(fā)布：Lv-weigann</span><span>時(shí)間：2017-09-26</span><span id="pageview"></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="h3xh9l1" id="layout-footer" class="group"> <footer 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